Hydraulic vs Electric Power Steering: A Detailed Comparison

Electric power steering is one such advancement that has surpassed hydraulic power steering. It is also noticeable that electronic equivalents are replacing the car’s mechanical parts.

 

The blog will give an idea about power steering systems, types and other benefits.

 

What is Power Steering?

A power steering system is a helpful tool for drivers. It acts as a mechanical aid, making the vehicle's wheels much simpler. Without it, turning a large car or a vehicle would require a lot more effort! At the heart of this system is the power steering pump. This pump takes a special fluid and pushes it into the steering system, making it easier to turn the steering wheel.

 

There are two types of steering systems

1. Hydraulic

 

2. Electric

Both steering systems provide extra muscle to help you steer, but in a slightly different way. In the modern era, most cars have a power steering system.

 

What is Hydraulic Power Steering?

Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS) has been used for over 50 years. It has a cylinder, pump, and a set of valves to control the hydraulic fluid going through them. The pressure is applied through the pump and is driven by a belt that connects to the engine. The pump speed regulates the speed of the engine. The wheels turn slowly at low speeds, and the vehicle becomes more responsive at high speeds.

 

The hydraulic power steering system operates using fluid power, acting as a supercharged version of your car's steering. When you turn the steering wheel, an engine-driven pump activates and sends highly pressurised hydraulic oil through a network of tubes. This pressurised oil flows into a cylinder containing a piston.

 

The oil assists the piston, allowing it to move back and forth within the cylinder. This movement amplifies the force you apply to the steering wheel. The power generated by the piston is then transferred to gears that help steer your car's front wheels. It's a coordinated effort to ensure your steering feels smooth and effortless.

 

The components of Hydraulic Power Steering include

• Hydraulic Control Valve
• Pinion Gear
• Hydraulic Pressure/Return Lines
• Hydraulic Piston
• Rack Housing

 

What is Electric Power Steering?

Electric Power Steering gives a smooth experience while steering your car. When you turn your steering wheel, a sensor on the steering column detects the movement and sends signals to the car's control unit called as the Powertrain Control Module (PCM). The PCM then sends electricity to an electric motor located at the end of the steering column.

 

The electric motor is always ready to operate. It activates when it receives the correct voltage signal, drawing power from the car's battery. The motor's gears remain engaged with the steering system, providing additional force to steer the front wheels. As the motor's gears rotate, they control the movement of the car's rack, ensuring the front wheels move in the desired direction.

 

Electric Power Steering is an advanced power steering system that swaps out hydraulic parts for electric motors and sensors. Instead of hydraulic power, an electric motor, fuelled by the car's battery, aids the steering gear. Sensors track the steering column's position and manage the motor's torque.

 

When you turn the wheel, electronic sensors relay this input to the vehicle's electric control unit. This unit analyses the signals and sends voltage to the electric motor. The motor interacts with the pinion gear, applying the needed torque to the rack. As the rack rotates, it steers the front wheels.

 

Electric vs Hydraulic Power Steering

 Every day, technology advances, bringing improvements to existing technologies. One area of debate is whether Electric Power Steering is a better option than traditional steering systems. Let's discuss.

• Hydraulic power steering systems are typically heavier than electric systems.
• Electric power steering is simpler, whereas Hydraulic power steering systems are complex, with numerous moving parts.
• Hydraulic power steering systems require hydraulic fluid, which needs periodic changing. In contrast, electric systems do not use fluid, reducing maintenance needs.
• Hydraulic systems are more difficult to repair than electric systems, with more potential points of failure due to their complexity.
• Hydraulic steering systems depend on engine power, with every belt turn consuming some of the engine's output, even during straight-line driving. In comparison, electric power steering draws power from the engine indirectly via the battery, only using power when the wheel is turned. This setup provides better gas mileage than a comparable car with hydraulic steering.
• Electric power steering offers a more consistent steering feel across different speeds.

 

Electric Power Steering and Hydraulic Power Steering can be advantageous in their own technologies. However, hydraulic fluid in a Hydraulic Power Steering system is constantly under pressure, exerting a subtle force on the steering wheel. This pressure provides better feedback as you feel the finer movements of your wheels interacting with the road surface. This feedback is valued by many drivers, highlighting its importance.

 

Conclusion

Electric Power Steering is frequently viewed as a more advanced technology than Hydraulic Power Steering. When buying a new car, it's probable that it will have Hydraulic Power Steering. However, both Hydraulic and Electric Power Steering systems have their own advantages and disadvantages. Roads can be unpredictable, and insurance can protect your car in such situations. Shriram General Insurance provides Car Insurance that safeguards you through every twist and turn of the road.

 

FAQs

1. Which type of power steering is more common in modern cars?

Electric power steering is becoming more common in modern cars due to its efficiency and lighter weight.

 

2. Are there any safety differences between hydraulic and electric power steering?

Both hydraulic and electric power steering systems are designed to assist with steering and improve safety. However, the specific safety features and performance may vary between the two systems.

 

3. How do I know if my car has hydraulic or electric power steering?

You can typically find this information in your vehicle's owner's manual or by consulting a mechanic or dealership. Additionally, you can often tell by the steering feel and responsiveness while driving